![]() ![]() On the other hand, grapefruit juice had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. Grapefruit juice significantly increased serum concentrations of atorvastatin acid, atorvastatin lactone, and active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, probably by decreasing CYP3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism of atorvastatin in the small intestine. In study II, the only significant change observed in the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin was prolongation of the tmax of active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors by grapefruit juice (P <. The AUC(0-72) values of active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were increased 1.3-fold (P <. Grapefruit juice also decreased the Cmax (P <. 001) of 2-hydroxyatorvastatin acid and increased its tmax and t1/2 (P <. Grapefruit juice decreased the Cmax (P <. 01) by grapefruit juice, and the tmax and t1/2 were also increased (P <. The AUC(0-72) of atorvastatin lactone was increased 3.3-fold (P <. The time of the peak concentration (tmax) and the elimination half-life (t1/2) of atorvastatin acid were increased (P <. 01), whereas the peak serum concentration (Cmax) was not significantly changed. ![]() Grapefruit juice increased the area under the serum concentration-time curve of atorvastatin acid from time zero to 72 hours 2.5-fold (P <. In study II, pravastatin, pravastatin lactone, and active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were measured up to 24 hours. The statins we have stated as not affected by grapefruit have this property due to. There are some statins that interact with the grapefruit, like Mevacor, Advicor Lipitor, Caduet Simcor and Altoprev, while some do not interact, like Lescol XL, Lescol Crestor and Pravachol. In study I, serum concentrations of atorvastatin acid, atorvastatin lactone, 2-hydroxyatorvastatin acid, 2-hydroxyatorvastatin lactone, and active and total 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were measured up to 72 hours. The level of statins can be increased even with one slice of grapefruit. In addition, subjects took 200 mL grapefruit juice or water three times a day on days 4 and 5 in study I. On day 3, each subject ingested a single 40 mg dose of atorvastatin (study I) or pravastatin (study II) with either 200 mL grapefruit juice or water, and an additional 200 mL was ingested 1/2 hour and 1 1/2 hours later. In both studies, volunteers took 200 mL double-strength grapefruit juice or water three times a day for 2 days. Two randomized, two-phase crossover studies were performed-study I with atorvastatin in 12 healthy volunteers and study II with pravastatin in 11 healthy volunteers. We studied the effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin. Grapefruit juice greatly increases the bioavailability of lovastatin and simvastatin. ![]()
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